Venous Insufficiency

Venous Insufficiency refers to a series of changes, which occur in one's legs when the veins in those legs do not function properly. Veins act as conduits which carry blood from the legs to the heart. This is achieved by a series of valves on the vein's inner wall which, like locks in a shipping canal, open to permit the flow of blood toward the heart but close to prohibit the flow of blood away from the heart. In this manner the blood flow is always toward the heart and no swelling occurs in the leg.

In certain conditions, such as with varicose veins or veins which have had blood clots, these valves do not close properly, leaving a gap between them and thus they are unable to prevent the backward flow of blood away from the heart (hence the name venous insufficiency), i.e. veins which do not function properly.

Consequences of Venous Insufficiency
When veins do not function properly and a leg experiences both flow of blood toward the heart and flow back toward the leg, the leg begins to swell and ultimately several other consequences occur. The calf of the leg becomes swollen, hardened, and the skin changes to a darker brown color. Unless this condition is treated, calf ulcers usually develop causing much disability and discomfort.

Diagnosis of Venous Insufficiency
Suspicion of venous insufficiency is raised with leg swelling, especially in one who has a history of deep venous thrombosis. The diagnosis of venous insufficiency is made by an ultrasound examination of the venous structures in the leg. The best results are obtained by ultrasound exams performed by certified technologist at accredited laboratories.

Treatment of Venous Insufficiency
The treatment of venous insufficiency is directed towards decreasing the leg swelling. This is accomplished by having the patient wear elastic support stockings or varying degrees of pressure. These stockings prevent much of the leg's swelling and thus the unfortunate consequences associated with venous insufficiency. The earlier one sees a physician and begins treatment, the better the result and the fewer the long-term problems associated with this disabling condition.